always a scholar: research ponderings blogsite
as much as we all love adventures and shenanigans, i need to get something accomplished out of this year. if you're interested, click the link to see my latest thoughts and research.
Official description of project:
I am applying for a Fulbright grant to study the didactics of high school science subjects and teacher education in Denmark. Didactics represents the process of instructional design using multiple perspectives by examining the relationships among the elements involved in a lesson: student, teacher, and content. I entered a master’s program to prepare me for the task of helping to improve science education in the United States, and this is part of my preparation for that mission. To date, I have attended several workshops on incorporating standards into the classroom to enrich the teacher education program in which I am currently enrolled. Through this Fulbright grant, I will spend a year studying the dissemination of national science content standards into the classroom in Denmark through the lens of teacher preparation and didactic design. My study highlights a major difference in Denmark’s and the United States’ interpretation of science content standards in teacher education programs and instruction.
I have developed a research project with Dr. Robert Evans, an American professor in the Department of Science Education at the University of Copenhagen. His work integrates his experiences with Danish and American educational cultures and teacher preparation programs. I will act as a guest Masters student in the department, working alongside other PhD and Masters candidates. To facilitate the transition process, I will be visiting the university and Dr. Evans in October 2009, during the ICE2009 conference on global climate education in Copenhagen. Attending will introduce me to international cooperation and sharing of educational ideas and tools, as well as best practices and inter-disciplinary teaching methods. Additionally, I will be able to interact on a professional level with potential colleagues in Denmark.
The following methods detail my plan to answer the question: How are the nationally developed standards in Denmark received and interpreted? There are several perspectives from which to approach this, including teacher training, didactic design (lesson planning), and how standards are used in the classroom. I will focus on the teacher preparation and didactic design elements as they are common to my current experience in the US. Didactic design is included as a training element of teacher preparation programs.
By attending teacher preparation courses in science didactics at the University of Copenhagen, I will examine the resources teachers have available to them when planning curricula and lessons, looking specifically for how teachers are prepared with respect to implementation of project-based learning and interdisciplinary components of the national standards. This process begins the comparison to what my own training in the US has provided, beginning with a basic course in science didactics in the fall, and continuing with an advanced course in the didactics of natural sciences in the spring.
The second element of didactic design requires a multi-step approach of observation, interview, and interaction. I will visit six schools, two in each of the main categories in Denmark, the folkeskole (grades 1-9), the gymnasium (grades 10-12), and the technical gymnasium (grades 10-12). I will spend the majority of my time in the latter two gymnasium sections, as they are comparable to my secondary level preparation in the United States. During my observations, I will look for examples of how the standards and materials from teacher preparation courses are implemented. For example, were the standards explicitly stated? What design and teaching methods were used? Following the observation, I will interview teachers regarding the resources that were used in planning the lesson, and how standards were incorporated into that planning. These interviews will be recorded and later transcribed to enable me to look for themes among the teachers’ answers.
As nearly everyone speaks English in Denmark, interviewing and observing will not be difficult. Schools in Denmark welcome guests, particularly those who speak English, to their classrooms to interact with students. To assist me in the communication process, however, I will be taking Danish courses which are commonly offered to enrolled students at the University. Currently I am learning on my own through use of Rosetta Stone, translating online news articles, and communication with friends and colleagues in Denmark. I am comfortable reading; however, I will be working in the fall and spring with a Danish resident in Charleston, practicing my conversation skills.
In addition to interviews and observation, I will engage in lesson planning projects in Denmark. These projects will enable me to isolate correlations between teacher preparation, planning, and classroom instruction, focusing on how the standards are interpreted into the lessons and thus disseminated into the classroom. Such correlations will enable me to transfer my insights to a relevant American context and my future classroom. Upon my return, I plan to have a parallel lesson involving international communication between my students in the US and students in Denmark, using these insights as tools for the design of that project. Additionally, I will share the results of my research and insights with other teachers and colleagues. I expect my joint relationship with Knowles Science Teaching Foundation (KSTF) to complement this process. Through their support, I will have an enhanced opportunity to share the processes, methods, ideas, and values that I observe in Denmark with colleagues, peers, and students in the United States. As a KSTF Biology Fellow, I meet three times each year with a cohort of science teachers from across the US to engage in professional development. In addition, KSTF provides leadership grant money that I can use to organize a professional development program or share ideas at a national meeting or other organization.
This project will act as a capstone for my Master’s program, encouraging me to utilize a variety of methods in the classroom and become a reflective practitioner. Education in the United States has a standardized test score focus, which has caused our curricula to be oriented around state based standards for accountability purposes. Thus, teachers in our public school system often learn to rely on these standards as curricula rather than content guides (Sunal & Wright, Impact of State and National Standards on K-12 Science Teaching, 2003). Denmark’s education system lacks this explicit focus on standards and consequently approaches instructional design differently. The assessment culture in Denmark is far less test score driven, and national standards are written to include mandatory project-based work and interdisciplinary curricula (Dolin, Standards in Science Education: Making it Comparable, 2007). These differences reflect the education values held in Denmark, and compel my choice to study in Denmark. Understanding approaches different countries take to education can enhance our understanding of those cultures and consequently provide deep insights about how some of those approaches to education may be relevant in an American context. Close study of Danish teacher preparation with respect to content standards could have a positive influence on the American (and my) approach to science education. My study begins to address how we, as education professionals, policy makers, citizens, and students, can improve teacher preparation programs by learning from other approaches to incorporating content standards into instruction.
